Healthy living may prevent some cancers

About a third of all common cancers in the United States, China and Britain could be prevented each year if people ate healthier food, drank less alcohol and exercised more, health experts said.

Estimates from the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) and the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) suggest that making simple lifestyle changes could prevent some 40% of breast cancers alone in Britain and the United States, as well as tens of thousands of colon, stomach and prostate cancers.

“It is distressing that even in 2011, people are dying unnecessarily from cancers that could be prevented through maintaining a healthy weight, diet, physical activity and other lifestyle factors,” Martin Wiseman, a WCRF medical and scientific adviser, said in statement.

In China, 620000 cases, or 27% are preventable, the WCRF said, as are about 35%, or 340000, in the United States and 37% in Britain. Healthier lifestyles could prevent 61000 cancers in Brazil and 79000 in Britain.

The WCRF findings are backed by World Health Organisation (WHO) recommendations, which say regular exercise can prevent many diseases such as cancers, heart diseases and diabetes.

Cancer is a leading cause of death around the world and its incidence is rising. Each year around 12,7 million people discover they have cancer and 7,6 million people die from some form of the disease. There are about 200 known types of cancer.

According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), cancer will kill more than 13,2 million people a year by 2030, almost double the number it killed in 2008 — and the vast majority of deaths will be in poorer countries.

In a separate statement, the Geneva-based WHO said low levels of physical inactivity are the main cause of an estimated 21 to 25% of breast and colon cancers, 27% of diabetes cases and 30% of heart disease cases worldwide.

Rachel Thompson, the WCRF’s deputy head of science, said that while the message was simple — that not smoking, eating good food and being a healthy weight can help ward off many cancers — it was still a difficult one to get across.

“It’s all very well us saying ‘this is what you need to eat and this is how much physical activity you need to do’, but we need to make it easier for people to make those changes,” she said. “Everybody has a role in that — from international organisations, to governments, to people themselves.”The WHO says adults should do at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise a week. This could be done by walking for 30 minutes five times per week or by cycling to work every day.

Peter Baldini, head of the World Lung Foundation, also called on all governments to introduce smoke-free laws and raise the price of cigarettes.

Tobacco kills millions of smokers every year, and tobacco-related lung cancers also kill hundreds of thousands of people who don’t smoke but have been exposed to it second-hand.

“There isn’t a magic bullet to cure all forms of cancer, but we have the opportunity and the obligation to protect people from developing cancer wherever possible,” Baldini said.