The African penguin only breeds on 25 islands and at four mainland sites in South Africa and Namibia and government data shows the number of breeding pairs has plummeted to less than 25000, from about a million in the 1920s. The birds are a tourist draw - the Boulders reserve attracted 691171 visitors last year, while 359149 people went to Robben Island, off Cape Town, where about 2000 pairs nest.Bird numbers at the main breeding colonies on South Africa's west coast have plunged 90% since 2004, mainly because of a shortage of fish."Food is the problem," University of Exeter researcher Richard Sherley, the lead author of a recent study published in the Royal Society Publishing journal Biology Letters, The study found, while chick survival rose 18% after a three-year fishing moratorium around Robben Island, it wasn't sufficient to offset adult bird mortality.Robert Crawford, a scientist at the Department of Environmental Affairs, found sardine and anchovy shoals have migrated from the west coast to the south and east, probably in response to climate change and fishing.While African penguins should be able to survive for 30 years in the wild, they are probably only living about 10 years on average, according to Sherley...