How Havana's streets are changing as Cubans adopt EVs

Havana is famed for the colourful vintage cars that can still be seen puttering around its streets and are a popular subject for visitors' photographs.

But these days, Cubans are just as likely to be found getting around quickly and quietly on electric scooters made with Chinese parts.

“Electric motorcycles are solving a lot of problems in Cuba, they are already used for almost everything,” explains Omar Cortina, a Cuban hotel worker who recently purchased his first electric vehicle (EV) — a lime-green scooter powered by a lithium battery.

Until recently, Cuba's roads had changed little in the six decades since former leader Fidel Castro's 1959 revolution: the old cars puffing sooty exhaust, rutted pavement, light traffic.

Now, EVs are proving a godsend for many in the communist-run nation.

Between 2020 and 2022, the last year for which figures are available, Cuba-based companies produced more than 23,000 EVs, according to official data. Since then, demand has grown, alongside an economic crisis that has slashed both fuel supply and public transportation.

Fuel for combustion-powered engines has for years been scarce in Cuba, prompting hours-long or sometimes days-long queues. And a five-fold price hike earlier this year means a typical 40l tank of petrol costs more than a state-worker's average monthly wage, far out of reach for most.

Public transportation is hardly more palatable.

Buses in the Havana area are far fewer — and more crowded and uncomfortable — than in previous years. And half the routes to points outside the capital have been eliminated this year, according to state-run media, as fuel and spare parts dwindle.

Those dire circumstances have helped drive demand for the products of newly formed companies like Caribbean Electric Vehicles (Vedca), said company director Julio Oscar Perez.

The firm, a joint venture between Chinese investor Tianjin Dongxing Industrial and Cuban state bicycle manufacturer Minerva, has produced more than 2,000 scooters, bikes and mini-tricycle trucks in Cuba with Chinese parts.

“I think we're reaching a tipping point,” Perez said in an interview.

“That is, not just seeing (EVs) as an alternative to mobility, but also (solving) other problems that exist because of fuel limitations.”

On a recent weekday visit to the company's plant outside Havana, some of Vedca's 64 employees assembled plastic parts, soldered wires, and tightened bolts in an orderly assembly line, while others greeted customers arriving for pickup.

The company, Perez said, has also begun testing a new electric tractor and experimenting with other electric-powered heavy machinery.

Other small domestic companies sell electric bikes, ranging from makeshift to upscale. And the government recently authorised imports of far pricier EVs — including Teslas — though few in Cuba can afford such luxuries.

For Cortina, just being able to get back and forth from work is enough of a selling-point.

“In a few years, all transportation will be electric,” he predicted before zooming off on his new purchase.