Tesla looks to pave the way for Chinese battery makers to come to US

22 October 2021 - 14:29 By Reuters
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Tesla is looking at how to get a Chinese partner to build more affordable iron-based batteries near its US factories.
Tesla is looking at how to get a Chinese partner to build more affordable iron-based batteries near its US factories.
Image: Justin Sullivan/Getty Images

Tesla Inc wants to shift to a less expensive battery for its electric vehicles, but first needs to figure out how to overcome political tensions to get a Chinese partner to build the iron-based batteries near its US factories.

The world's two biggest economies have yet to resolve disputes over tariffs, intellectual property rights and Chinese incursions into Taiwan's air defence identification zone. China's sweeping regulatory crackdown, aimed largely at the technology sector, could pose yet another hurdle.

China adopted the technology early and makes 95% of the world's lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries, but key patents expire soon and Tesla said it plans to adopt LFP batteries in its fleet of standard-range vehicles globally and move battery production closer to its factories.

"Our goal is to localise all key parts of the vehicles on the continent," Drew Baglino, senior vice president of powertrain and energy engineering at Tesla, said on Wednesday.

Tesla is building factories in the US and Germany.

"We're working internally with our suppliers to accomplish that goal, and not just at the end-assembly level but as far upstream as possible."

Tesla uses LFP batteries from China's CATL in some China-made Model 3 and Model Ys, and in the US it started sales of entry-level Model 3 sedans with LFP.

The company did not respond to a request for comment.

LFP technology is considered to be cheaper and safer than nickel-based batteries, although they lack the same energy density as nickel-based ones to allow cars to travel farther on a single charge.

The technology has garnered interest from EV makers, and Reuters reported in June that Apple Inc is in early stage talks with China's CATL and BYD to get LFP batteries for its planned electric vehicles and wants them to build factories in the US

CATL was reluctant to build a factory in the country due to political tensions between Washington and Beijing as well as cost concerns, people said at the time.

"We are evaluating the opportunity and possibility of manufacture localisation in North America," CATL said on Friday.

"You cannot discount the whole geopolitical aspect of it," Sanjiv Malhotra, founder of battery startup Sparkz and former US department of energy executive, told Reuters.

"Our customers do not want to be caught in this political crossfire," said the US  startup, which is looking at setting up LFP production lines in the US to challenge China's dominance.

CATL is probably better off manufacturing in China, where they have access to the world's lowest-cost materials, said Roth Capital analyst Craig Irwin.

"A US facility would need a better US supply chain to get similar to the low cost available in China."

'Pride and joy of China'

US President Joe Biden has made it a priority to support the rollout of electric vehicles to combat climate change, but battery constraints could remain a key hurdle to his ambitious plan.

China is the largest global EV market and dominates the supply chain for the manufacture of lithium-ion batteries, including the processing of minerals and raw materials.

"I call LFP the battery of China because you only have CATL and BYD. These are really the kind of pride and joy of China," said Taylor Ogan, chief executive of Snow Bull Capital.

Electric Last Mile Solutions Inc, a commercial electric vehicle company which currently imports CATL'S battery packs, is in talks with the company about the possibility of sourcing batteries at CATL's potential US factory.

Last year, CEO Elon Musk said Tesla would use LFP batteries for its China-made Model 3, saying the move would free up battery capacity for the Semi truck and other vehicles that require higher-density, long-range batteries based in nickel.

Since then, Musk has pledged to use the tech in more vehicles and energy storage systems. A Houston energy project will use LFP batteries.

The company is facing higher costs primarily due to cobalt prices rising around 70% this year, with nickel up around 20% and aluminium up around 50%. Tesla uses these materials to make its batteries.


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