Landspace was founded in 2015 and soon aimed to be the first Chinese private company to deliver a satellite into orbit. The company said it was the first private licensed company in China to launch carrier rockets.
Zhuque-1 was carrying a satellite named Future, built for state media China Central Television.
In May, China launched Chongqing Liangjiang Star into space, the first rocket developed by Beijing-based private firm OneSpace Technology.
Since coming to office in 2012, president Xi Jinping has made becoming a "space flight superpower" a priority for the government, which has a goal of sending a permanent manned space station into orbit by around 2022.