SA to start Covid-19 vaccinations with J&J doses

SA will start its immunisation campaign with Johnson & Johnson's Covid-19 vaccine after data showed AstraZeneca's shot offered minimal protection against mild to moderate illness from the dominant local virus variant.

SA has recorded the most coronavirus infections in Africa and more than 46,000 deaths. It had planned to start offering health-care workers the AstraZeneca jabs soon but put that plan on hold on Sunday.

A government fact sheet published on Monday said the J&J vaccine would be offered from mid-February. A senior health official said J&J had agreed to speed up deliveries so the first doses would become available around the end of the week.

“Our vaccine rollout plan has not changed, except that we will begin with the Johnson & Johnson instead of the AstraZeneca vaccine,” the fact sheet said.

J&J said it was in advanced discussions with SA about “potential additional collaborations” to combat Covid-19. “We hope to be able to share more details in the coming days,” it said.

Preliminary trial data showing the AstraZeneca shot does not significantly reduce the risk of mild to moderate illness caused by the more contagious 501Y.V2 variant first identified late last year was a disappointment not just to SA but to the continent as a whole.

The 501Y.V2 variant is believed to have spread to nine other African countries, according to a World Health Organisation (WHO) epidemiological report last week.

The AstraZeneca vaccine is seen as one of the best suited to weak African health systems as it can be stored at refrigerator temperatures, rather than the ultra-cold temperatures needed for shots from Pfizer/BioNTech.

Global vaccine distribution scheme Covax plans to start sending millions of AstraZeneca doses to African countries this month.

Global role

The trial by researchers at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg did not assess whether the AstraZeneca vaccine protected against severe Covid-19.

Prof Shabir Madhi, the trial's lead investigator, told Reuters the AstraZeneca vaccine still had a major role to play in Africa and globally, and that it probably protected against severe cases.

The government is holding talks with scientists on how to proceed.

Malawi's information minister said the country would move ahead with the vaccine when it becomes available, unless the 501Y.V2 variant became dominant there.

A Ugandan health ministry spokesperson said the government would seek guidance from the WHO, and a Nigerian health official said the country would stick to plans to use the AstraZeneca shot.

Prof Salim Abdool Karim, an adviser to the SA government, said the AstraZeneca vaccine would in future be rolled out in a “stepped manner” to assess its ability to prevent severe illness.

AstraZeneca, which developed the vaccine with Oxford University, says it has already started adapting it against the 501Y.V2 variant.

SA health ministry deputy director-general Dr Anban Pillay told the SABC that the J&J vaccine was a good fit. Trials had shown it was highly effective in preventing hospitalisation and death, and it can also be stored at fridge temperatures, he said.

Regulator Sahpra has not yet authorised J&J's vaccine but has been conducting a rolling review since late last year.

A source at the Russia Direct Investment Fund said talks were being held with SA over vaccine supplies but declined to elaborate.