EU leaders to huddle on defence against Russia and handling Trump

03 February 2025 - 07:22 By Andrew Gray
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US President Donald Trump will be a major factor in the EU talks on defence after he demandedEuropean nations spend more on their own protection and rely less on the US via the Nato security alliance. File photo.
US President Donald Trump will be a major factor in the EU talks on defence after he demandedEuropean nations spend more on their own protection and rely less on the US via the Nato security alliance. File photo.
Image: REUTERS/Kevin Lamarque

EU leaders will gather on Monday to discuss how to bolster the continent's defences against Russia and how to handle US President Donald Trump after his decision to impose tariffs on goods from Canada, Mexico and China.

At a royal palace-turned-conference centre in Brussels, the leaders of the EU's 27 nations will also lunch with Nato secretary-general Mark Rutte and dine with British Prime Minister Keir Starmer.

Antonio Costa, president of the European Council of EU leaders, has billed the one-day gathering as a “retreat” devoted to defence policy rather than a formal summit, aiming for an open discussion without any official declaration or decisions. The first session focuses on geopolitics and relations with the US, meaning Trump's sweeping weekend move on tariffs is certain to come up, particularly as EU officials fear they may soon face similar measures.

Trump, who began his second term as president on January 20, will also be a major factor in the talks on defence after he demanded European nations spend more on their own protection and rely less on the US via the Nato security alliance. Trump's call for EU member Denmark to cede Greenland to the US, and his refusal to rule out military action or economic pressure to force Copenhagen's hand, has also added strains to transatlantic ties.

The EU leaders are expected to discuss what military capabilities they need in the coming years, how they could be funded and how they might co-operate more through joint projects.

“Europe needs to assume greater responsibility for its own defence,” Costa said in a letter to the leaders.

“It needs to become more resilient, more efficient, more autonomous and a more reliable security and defence actor.”

The funding discussion will be specially tough, according to diplomats, as many European countries have little room in their public finances for big spending increases.

Some countries, such as the Baltic states and France, advocate joint EU borrowing to spend on defence, but Germany and the Netherlands are staunchly opposed.

One compromise could be to borrow to finance loans rather than grants for defence projects, according to some diplomats.

European countries have ramped up defence spending in recent years, particularly since Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine, which brought war to the EU's borders. But many EU leaders have said they will need to spend more. Trump has said Nato's European members should spend 5% of GDP on defence, a figure no member of the alliance,  including the US, currently reaches.

Last year, EU countries spent an average of 1.9% of GDP on defence, or about €326bn (R6.3-trillion), according to EU estimates.

That is a 30% increase from 2021, according to the EU. But it also masks wide divergences among EU countries.

Poland and the Baltic states are among the biggest defence spenders in GDP terms, with Warsaw leading the pack at more than 4.1%, according to Nato estimates. But some of the EU's biggest economies such as Italy and Spain spend much less, about 1.5% and 1.3% respectively.

Reuters 


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