President Cyril Ramaphosa on Thursday announced that government would clamp down on the culture of non-payment for electricity as part of plans to rescue the struggling power utility Eskom.
In his state of the nation address, Ramaphosa said the "days of boycotting electricity payment" were over.
Eskom, which is drowning in debt of nearly R500bn, is owed billions of rand by government departments and residents.
Residents of Soweto alone owe the state-owned company more than R17bn.
Ramaphosa said the government was already working on a plan to recover the debt.
"As a country, we must assert the principle that those who use electricity must pay for it. Failure to pay endangers our entire electricity supply, our economy and our efforts to create jobs. The days of boycotting payment are over. This is now the time to build. It is the time for all of us to make our own contribution."