Discrimination was proportionate
The CAS panel found that the IAAF regulations were discriminatory, with two of the three board members finding that the discrimination was proportionate.
"The award makes it clear that they did so only based on the assumption that women athletes could comply with the regulations by taking oral contraceptives."
Oral contraceptives may not be suitable
CAS expressed its concern that oral contraceptives may not be suitable for all competitors to ensure compliance.
"The CAS expressed‚ not less than four times‚ its concern‚ or even 'grave concerns'‚ over female athletes' 'potential inability to remain in compliance with the regulations'.
"Such a repeated expression of concerns is unprecedented and the CAS 'strongly encourages the IAAF to address the panel's concerns' and warned of the possibility that‚ when more evidence emerges as the IAAF implements its regulations‚ the proportionality of the regulations may need to be reassessed."