School failures preventing many from achieving middle class life

Education is the single greatest obstacle to socio-economic advancement in South Africa‚ according to the Fast Facts report from the Centre for Risk Analysis.

The report finds that‚ while there have been significant gains under the country’s democratic dispensation‚ serious negative features pose a real threat to socio-economic advancement‚ and are replicating instead of reversing unemployment‚ poverty‚ and inequality.

The consequence‚ the report warns‚ is that failures in our schooling system are denying the majority of young people the chance of a middle class life.

Among positive outcomes highlighted in the report are that:

• Pre-school enrolment is up 270.4% since 2000‚ setting a much better basis for future school throughput;
• The proportion of people aged 20 or older with no schooling has fallen from 13% in 1995 to 4.8% in 2016;
• The proportion of matric candidates receiving a bachelor’s pass has increased from 20.1% in 2008 to 28.7% in 2017;
• Near on 100% of schools now have clean water and electricity;
• University enrolment numbers are up 289.5% since 1985 and up more than 100% since 1995; and
• The ratio of white to black university graduates was 3.7:1 in 1991 and 0.3:1 in 2015.

But‚ as author of the report‚ CRA director Frans Cronje‚ warns‚ “ultimately it is the negatives that overwhelm”.

Among these are that:

• Just under half of children who enrol in grade one will make it to grade 12;
• Just 28% of people aged 20 or older have completed high school;
• Just 6.9% of matric candidates will pass maths with a grade of 70% to 100% – a smaller proportion than was the case in 2008;
• In the poorest quintile of schools‚ less than 1/100 matric candidates will receive a distinction in maths;
• The black higher education participation rate is just 15.6% while that for Indian and white people (aged 20–24) is 49.3% and 52.8%; and
• The unemployment rate for tertiary qualified professionals has increased from 7.7% in 2008 to 13.2% today.

Set against data that shows education to be “the primary indicator that determines the living standards trajectory of a young South African”‚ three key deficiencies are of particular concern‚ writes Cronje.

The first is the poor quality of maths education‚ a good maths pass in matric being a key marker in determining access to the middle class.

“While maths education is poor across the board‚ the quality is worse in the poorest quintile of schools‚ leaving no doubt that school education is replicating trends of poverty and inequality in our society.”

The second is the low rate of tertiary education participation for black people. The labour market absorption rate for tertiary qualified professionals was 75.6% in 2017 as opposed to just 43.3% for the country as a whole – but just 3.1% of black people over the age of 20 have a university degree compared to 13.9% and 18.3% for Indian and white people.

The third concern is the still very high school drop-out rate‚ with just over half of children completing high school at all.

“In an economy that is evolving in favour of high-skilled tertiary industries and in which political pressure and policy are being used to drive up the cost of unskilled labour‚ this means that the majority of those children are unlikely to ever find gainful employment.”

The sum of these three concerns leads to the inescapable conclusion that “the education system represents the single greatest obstacle to socio-economic advancement in South Africa‚” the report states.

See the full report here.

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